QUESTIONS

QUESTIONS

The explanations provided in this site on heart function mechanisms contain information to solve the three questions that I prepared to prove to my readers how difficult it is to reason correctly on complex problems. If someone gives me the correct answers (without reading them on one of my three books published on Amazon), he will receive my congratulations and have my admiration. However, the purpose of these questions is to warn people in good faith by making definitive statements about difficult subjects where the hard work is to mean unverifiable. I refer in particular to the issue of religion on which many manifest negative certainties without being able to indicate the fundamentals.

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QUESTION  ONE (Easy)

The aortic valve is unidirectional, it allows the passage of blood from the ventricle into the aorta and not in the opposite direction.
During the expulsive phase in the left ventricle and the aortic root, you measure the same pressure if the aortic valve is standard: the two rooms are connected by having the valve opening between 5 and 7 cm square. In aortic stenosis, the opening of the valve is progressively reduced down to values of less than one cm square. In these cases, there are pressure gradients between the ventricle and the aorta even greater than 100 mm Hg  (for example 220 mmHg in the ventricle to 100 mmHg into the aorta).

The question is: why in these cases the aortic root is dilated despite the low pressure in the vessel?

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QUESTION  TWO (medium difficulty)

We consider two different swimming strokes of freestyle backstroke swimming. The first occurs in ventral position with a not- optimal use of the muscles of the shoulders and arms. The backstroke swimming allows the very efficient use of the muscles of the shoulders and arms. Just simulate motion to notice. The legs perform the same movements in the two styles.

The question is: why the times on all distances are better for freestyle, despite a less favorable use of major muscle groups?

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QUESTION  THREE (Difficult)

In some patients with coronary artery disease is sometimes seen on the echocardiogram or left ventriculography a phenomenon known as Systolic Early Relaxation Phenomenon (SERP), consisting in the distension of a limited area of a wall segment at the beginning of systole, when the whole muscle will shrink.

The question is: how do you explain this phenomenon?

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